CONDUCTING A LITERATURE ANALYSIS OF ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES

Abstract

Scientists are compelled by the global rise in antibiotic resistance to look for novel substances that microorganisms would be susceptible to. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring is present in many novel structures and has been shown to have a variety of antimicrobial properties, including antiviral, antibacterial, antitubercular, and antifungal properties. The potential of these new compounds as novel drugs is very promising, as evidenced by numerous publications showing that their activity outperforms that of known antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents. The literature from 2015 to 2021 is the basis for the review of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives with active antimicrobial properties. Different research groups are constantly creating novel drug molecules against both exploited and unexplored targets due to the emergence of drug-resistant microbial strains. Derivatives of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole demonstrated notable antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial agents that contain the 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety can change their polarity and flexibility, which greatly enhances biological activities because of a variety of bonded and non-bonded interactions with target sites, including hydrophobic, steric, electrostatic, and hydrogen bond interactions. The current review explains the mode of action and therapeutic targets of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles in relation to microbes. 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives target the following enzymes: enoyl reductase (InhA), 14α-demethylase in mycobacterial cells; GlcN-6-P synthase, thymidylate synthase, peptide deformylase, RNA polymerase, dehydrosqualene synthase in bacterial strains; protein-N-myristoyltransferase, P450-14α demethylase, and ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in fungal strains; FtsZ protein, interfere with purine and functional protein synthesis in plant bacteria. The impact of various moieties and functional groups on the antimicrobial activity of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives is also summarized in the current review.