Exploring the Role of Anesthesia in total joint arthroplasty.
Keywords:
Total joint arthroplasty (knee and hip), General anaesthesia, and Neuraxial anaesthesiaAbstract
Background Total joint arthroplasty surgery is a commonly performed elective orthopaedic procedure worldwide, which has been shown to improve quality of life.
Objective: We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare the efficacy of general anaesthesia versus neuraxial anaesthesia on patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (knee and hip).
Patients and methods, We identified 126 patients who underwent total joint arthroplasty (knee and hip) between 15th June 2022 and 8th March 2023. Our study aimed to define the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients aged 50-70 years, both male and female. We presented the effects of pre-operative comorbidities on patients during and after surgery. Clinical examinations were conducted on patients who underwent left or right lateral surgeries. Anaesthesia types used during the surgeries were determined, including general and neuraxial anaesthetics. Pain scores (MME) were recorded post-surgery. A comparison was made between general anaesthesia (45 cases) and neuraxial anaesthesia (81 cases) during and after surgery. Our data was organized and analysed using the SPSS software.
Results and discussion, it was discovered that the majority of patients aged over 60 underwent knee and hip surgeries, with 64.3% of these patients being men and 35.7% women. Additionally, 105 patients were found to have suffered from obesity. Clinical outcomes indicated the types of surgeries performed on the knee and hip. Of the patients involved, 81 underwent knee surgery (64.3%) and 45 underwent hip surgery (35.7%). The study analysed the length of hospital stay for 126 patients and found that those under Neuraxial anaesthesia had a longer stay (177.64 ± 12.86) compared to patients under general anaesthesia (129.86 ± 8.56). Additionally, the study identified mortality rates after surgery, with four patients (5%) under Neuraxial anaesthesia and ten patients (22.22%) under general anaesthesia experiencing mortality.
Conclusion Neuraxial anesthesia was considered a perfect optional treatment to improve clinical patients’ outcomes of total hip or knee joint arthroplasty surgery over than general anesthesia.
