Modern Diagnostics in Various Forms of Chronic Heart Failure
Keywords:
an imbalance, sympathetic-adrenal, Neurohumoral, inadequateAbstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with typical symptoms and signs developing due to a violation of the structure and (or) function of the heart, leading to the inability of the heart to provide oxygen delivery at rest or under load in accordance with the needs of the body. This pathology is becoming one of the leading problems of modern medicine and is characterized by widespread prevalence, extremely unfavorable prognosis and high financial costs. The incidence of chronic heart failure (CHF) has been steadily increasing in recent years. According to the Framingham Study, in the United States, the number of patients with CHF among people over 45 years of age is 5 million people, and the number of patients increases by 400 thousand people annually [8, 9]. According to the data of the first Russian epidemiological study on HF EPOCH, the prevalence of CHF in the European part of the Russian Federation is 12.3% [6-8].
The prognosis for patients with CHF is extremely unfavorable: according to the Rochester and Rotterdam epidemiological studies, mortality in CHF of any functional class is 50% among men and 46% — among women over a 5-year period. The social significance of CHF is determined by large financial costs. Data from pharmaco-economic studies have shown that for the treatment of patients with CHF in countries Europe and the USA spend from 2 to 3% of the total health budget, which exceeds the cost of treating coronary heart disease and all oncological diseases combined. Moreover, 70-80% of the funds account for the payment of inpatient treatment of patients with CHF. The main strategic direction in the effective treatment of patients with CHF, improving their quality of life, and reducing mortality is to identify the early stages of the disease. Treatment of patients with the latent form of CHF, regardless of the degree of myocardial dysfunction, is the most promising approach to preventing the progression of CHF and early death of patients.
