Procedia of Engineering and Medical Sciences

Synthesis of a Novel Macrocyclic Derivatives Based on Glucopyranoside and Application as Anticancer Activity

Ahmed Ibrahim Hamzah, Ibtihal Kareem Mahdi — Thu, 25 Apr 2024 00:00:00 -0600

Cyclic compounds have gained attention in a variety of fields for their unique properties. Crown ethers, cryptands, and calixarenes are cyclic compounds that have been used in a range of applications such as chemical sensors and drug delivery systems. Cyclic peptides have shown promise in treating various diseases due to their enhanced stability and bioavailability. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a pyranoside compound, -methyl 4,6-benzylidene-2,3-di-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranoside, which was synthesized via a phase transfer catalysis method. The synthesized compound was analyzed using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and EDX analysis were also carried out to study the morphology and elemental composition of the compound. The results of this study contribute to the potential applications compounds -methyl 4,6-benzylidene-2,3-di-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranoside were evaluated for their anticancer potential against two cancer cell lines PC3 (prostate cancer cells) and WRL68 (normal liver cells) compound 12 appears to have a greater effect on prostate cancer cells (PC3) compared to compound 11. At the highest concentration tested (400 µM), compound 12 showed a mean percentage inhibition of 95.72% in PC3 cells, while compound 11 showed a mean percentage inhibition of 33.29% at the same concentration. Furthermore, the IC50 value for compound 12 in PC3 cells was 112.9 µM, while the IC50 value for compound 11 was 24.38 µM, indicating that compound 11 is less potent in inhibiting the growth of PC3 cells. These results suggest that compound 12 may have greater potential as a therapeutic agent for prostate cancer.

Comparison between Oral NSAIDs and Local Steroid Injection for Treatment of Frozen Shoulder in Diabetic Patients

Wed, 21 Feb 2024 00:00:00 -0700

Background: Frozen shoulder is a common musculoskeletal disease which develops during the
soft tissues of the glenohumeral joint are affected, resulting in pain and restricted movement in the
shoulder. Objective: This study was focused on conducting and analyzing clinical outcomes associated
with the comparison between oral NSAIDs and local steroid injections for the treatment of frozen shoulder
in diabetic patients. Patients and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of diabetic patients
suffering from frozen shoulder, which included 80 patients who were collected from different hospitals in
Iraq for a period from March 7, 2022, to October 17, 2023. We included two groups. Where the first group
showed diabetes patients who had taken oral NSAIDs, represented by naproxen with 500 mg twice a day,
while the second group showed diabetes patients who had taken steroids, represented by the drug
triamcinolone, which included one injection of 40 mg. The clinical outcomes of the pain score were assessed
by the VAS and SPADI scales. Results: In the group of patients subjected to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (naproxen) during four months, it was recorded that the extent of flexion in the first
month was mean (104.23) and SD (13.67), in the fourth month it was mean (165.52) and SD (17.84), and the
extent of Abduction (degree) In the first month, the mean and SD were (21.86), in the fourth month, the
mean and SD were (23.54), the average pain in the first month was 5.46 ± 2.63 and the fourth month was
2.01 ± 1.92, while in the group of patients subjected to steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( Naproxen)
during four months, the extent of flexion in the first month was mean (105.46) and SD (20.03), in the fourth
month it was mean (168.84) and SD (23.64), the extent of Abduction (degree) in the first month was mean
(92.42) and SD ( 22.1), in the fourth month the mean (175.4) and SD (24.62), the average pain for patients
(triamcinolone) in the first month was 5.87 ± 2.14 and in the fourth month it was 2.23 ± 1.93. Conclusion:
Both oral NSAIDs and local steroid injections are beneficial in relieving frozen shoulder mobility in
diabetic individuals.

Inhibition Biofilm Producer Candida albicans Causing Thrust Candidiasis by Purified Invertase from Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Zainab Salim Hussin — Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 -0600

In invasive oral candidiasis, a serious health issue in developing countries, Candida albicans is the most often isolated species. Thus, invertase was isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, refined using acetone as an organic solvent, and then highly recovered by chromatographic techniques. One of the main manufacturers of biofilm is Candida albicans, which is the cause of oral candidiasis. After 72 hours of incubation, the percentage of biofilm inhibition reached a range of 78–89%. This indicates that invertase has a growing inhibitory impact on Candida biofilm development when concentration and incubation period are increased. Thus, the potential use of invertase as an antibiofilm agent against multi-drug resistance Candida albicans.

Inhibition of Some Virulence Factors in Candida albicans by Bioemulsifier Purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Zainab Mahmood Hamid — Thu, 25 Apr 2024 00:00:00 -0600

As viable alternatives to some synthetic surfactants, biosurfactants, which are amphiphilic compounds, are gaining more and more interest from the scientific community. Therefore, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to create biosurfactant as a bioemulsifier at different levels. The best producer isolate was selected for biosurfactant extraction by boiling, acetone precipitation, and chromatographic techniques on sephadex G-75, resulting in a final recovery of 55%. Candida albicans was identified as the primary pathogen responsible for vulvovaginitis. Certain virulence factors, including the synthesis of phospholipase, haemolysin, and the hyphal transition, were inhibited by the pure biosurfactant for control of the increasing infections caused by Candida albicans.

The Prevalence of Absence of the Palmaris Longus Muscle among Medical Students in Benghazi, Libya

Wed, 21 Feb 2024 00:00:00 -0700

Palmaris longus muscle (PL) is one of the most superficial flexor muscles of the forearm. It
is slender and fusiform in shape which lies medial to flexor carpi radialis muscle. It exhibits
variability in its prevalence across various ethnicities and geographical areas. Six hundred sixty
medical students (275 males, 385 females) aged between 17 to 25 years were included after their
consent and examined for the prevalence of absence of the PL muscle tendon. Each student was
initially asked to do the Schaeffer‘s test if not visible then simultaneously followed by Thompson‘s
test and Pushpakumar‘s "two-finger sign" for the assessment of the PL tendon. 660 medical students
in Benghazi-Libya. The overall absence of palmaris longus was seen in 163 students (24.7%) 56 of
whom were males (20.4%) and 107 of whom were females (27.8%). Palmaris longus was found absent
unilaterally in 14.85% of the students and bilaterally in 9.85% of the students. In comparison to males
(20.4%), females had a somewhat higher prevalence of Palmaris longus absent (27.8%). Palmaris
longus was absent in 6.52% (43 students) on the right side and in 8.33% (55 students) on the left side.
The left-side agenesis was seen in 34 females (8.8%) and 21 males (7.6%). The right-side agenesis was
seen in 28 females (7.3%) and 15 males (5.5%). Out of 65 (9.8%) bilateral agenesis, 45 (11.7%) were
females and 20 (7.3%) were males. PL muscle is very useful in plastic and orthopedic surgeries.
Overall, the palmaris longus was absent in 24.7% of the entire sample. It is possible to carry out more
research to determine the relationship between the palmaris longus muscle and several factors
including hand dominance, ethnicity, etc.

Hunting of Some Bacterial Species Based on Isolation and Identification from River Water and Sediments and from Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq

Mohammed Mahdi Yaseen — Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 -0600

Bacterial presence or contamination in food is a major alarm for public health. Controlling measures should be taken to limit this problem for better food safety. This procedure starts with some critical steps, such as identification of bacterial species and their pathogenicity. According to these, this investigative study was carried out to explore the existence of some bacterial species in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and river water and sediment in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq. For that, 80 live-fish samples were purchased from different regions in the province, which included Al-Saniyah, Al-Dagharah, Al-Shafeiyah, and Al-Diwaniyah City (markets). Water was subjected to physiochemical tests that included pH, dissolved oxygen (% and g/l), salinity (ppt), conductivity (ms/cm), tds (g/l), and temperature. The fish samples were subjected to visual tests, including firmness and clarity of the eyes and color of the gills. Water and fish skin, gills, and gut were used to explore bacterial presence by using conventional cultivation and biochemical tests. The pathogenicity was estimated by the capability of the isolated bacteria to synthetize biofilm. The findings of the physiochemical tests showed no major differences among regions. The findings of the bacterial isolation and identification from water, sediments, and fish samples revealed the presence common bacterial microorganisms shared among regions and the source of samples, which included Vibrio spp, Aeromonas spp, E. coli, Enterobacter spp, Pseudomonas spp, Staphylococcus spp, Klebsiella spp, Salmonella spp, and Serratia spp. The results of the biofilm capability demonstrated that all bacterial isolates were able to produce biofilm; however, Vibrio spp, Aeromonas spp, Pseudomonas spp, and Serratia spp showed the highest (p<0.05) in generating biofilms. The data of the current work indicates high levels of bacterial occurrence in fish and their environment with similar bacterial microorganisms.