Philosophical-Scientific Foundations of Mental Language in the Formation of Rational Thinking

Abstract

Rationalism is an idealistic philosophical movement that considers reason as the only source of knowledge, in which reason is the basis of human cognition and activity. Since the rational criterion of truth is accepted by many thinkers, rationalism is not a feature of any particular philosophy. At the same time, there are different opinions about the role of reason in knowledge: from moderate, where reason is recognized as the main means of understanding reality, to radical, where rationality is considered the only main criterion. In modern philosophy, the ideas of rationalism were developed, for example, by Leo Strauss, who proposed using the method of rational thinking not on its own but in combination with acquiring knowledge through leading questions (maivetika). Other representatives of philosophical rationalism include Benedict Spinoza, Gottfried Leibniz, Rene Descartes, Georg Hegel, and others. Rationalism is usually contrasted with irrationalism and sensationalism. The article talks about this.